Top 10 foods to try in Wales

The great food traditions of Wales stretch back centuries and often reflect an alchemic talent for cooking up something memorable from meagre ingredients. The country also benefits from a prodigious natural bounty sourced from land and sea.

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Don’t leave Wales without trying…

1. Welsh rarebit

Providing etymologists with a headache for centuries – it was originally known as Welsh rabbit, though at no point was rabbit one of the ingredients. This is, quite simply, the world’s finest cheese on toast. Individual cooks and experts will insist on certain cast-iron conditions, debating everything from the thickness of the toast to whether or not to add paprika. My personal, purist-angering tip would be to use the flavour-packed beer and mustard cheese Y Fenni (a cheese variety from Abergavenny), instead of the usual strong cheddar. You can always give it a French-style croque madame treatment and serve it with a fried egg on top, at which point it becomes buck rarebit.

Try making your own… rarebit toasts, bangers with Welsh rarebit mash or tasty rarebit muffins.

2. Glamorgan sausage

The search for the perfect vegetarian alternative to the great breakfast banger was called off at the southernmost tip of South Wales where these intensely flavoured cheese sausages were created. The Glamorgan cheese that gave the sausages their name no longer exists, and has since been replaced by the intense, crumbly white alternative from nearby Caerphilly. If making them yourself, don’t lower yourself to cheating by adding mashed potato to the mix, as Glamorgan sausages are a lesson in purest simplicity. You’ll need leeks, cheese, seasoning, mustard, herbs, breadcrumbs. Ta-da! Or rather, “dyna chi!”

Try making your own… Glamorgan cheese sausage rolls

3. Bara brith

Take afternoon tea anywhere in Wales and the star of the show, usually to be found nestling on the highest tier, is the famous bara brith, a traditional fruit cake with a unique flavour. As is often the case with historic dishes, one suspects that the addition of half a pot of cold tea into the cake mix was the result of an accident made centuries ago, but without the comfortingly familiar notes of char, bara brith would be just another fruit cake. No visit to Wales is complete without at least one brith encounter.

Try making your own… classic bara brith or our sugar-crusted bara brith.

4. Lamb cawl

With its bright, decorous use of daffodils, St. David’s Day may well be one of the first augers of spring, but let’s face it, it’s still teeth-chatteringly cold out there in March. Help is at hand courtesy of this classic Welsh dish, which has a history as hotly contested as anything in the great Welsh cookbook. Sharing its DNA with lobscaws from north Wales (and, it’s contested, anywhere else within a hundred square miles) and even the humble Irish stew, Welsh cawl (or soup, as directly translated) is a slow-cooked lamb and leek broth whose foggy provenance means that you can embellish it with your own ingredients and little personal touches. The crucial ingredients are well-sourced lamb, time and your patience, for which you’ll be rewarded handsomely. It’s best enjoyed on a cold night in front of a roaring fireplace with a three-piece Celtic folk band playing in the corner. Try even more lovely lamb recipes for every season with our recipe collection.

Try making your own… lamb broth

5. Conwy mussels

The Medieval walled fishing village of Conwy in North Wales was recently the only UK town to be named by the Japanese tourist board as one of the most beautiful places to visit in Europe. If they plan their holidays judiciously, visitors will be able to enjoy what many people have cited as the best mussels they have ever tasted. The village sits on an estuary where the River Conwy meets the Irish Sea, meaning freshwater and salty seawater combine to give these plump, amber-coloured meaty molluscs the edge over any of their competitors. Meticulously kept beds and strictly observed time off for breeding means that Conwy mussels are very much a seasonal treat, loyal to the great tradition of only eating shellfish in months with the letter ‘r’ in the name. Find more irresistible mussel recipes in our best ever collection.

Try making your own… mussels in white wine sauce with garlic butter toasts.

6. Leeks

There is much speculation as to how the leek became one of the emblems of Wales, worn in miniature form on the lapels of proud Welsh folk for centuries on St. David’s Day. It is said that St. David himself ate only leeks during his fasting period. Another suggestion is that Welsh warriors used to wear leeks on their helmets to distinguish themselves from their enemies (which alas sounds like an abandoned Monty Python sketch). Such conjecture aside, the humble leek is rarely given its due as a major player, often demoted to the lower orders and used as the base for stock or sauce. Leeks are firm, almost meaty vegetables with a subtle sweetness that make them versatile and adaptable. A good homemade leek and potato soup is without rival in the stomach-pleasing, inner warmth-providing stakes, but there are plenty of inventive ways to spring leeks upon your dinner guests. Check out our ultimate leek recipe collection for more delicious dish inspiration.

Try making your own… leek and potato soup or our leek & Caerphilly crumble tart.

7. Laverbread

Laverbread is known as either ‘Welshman’s caviar’, a luxurious seaweed dish that’s often mixed with cockles, or as that weird, slimy green stuff nudged grimly to the side of the plate when eating a full Welsh breakfast. The great ‘love it/hate it’ item on this list, laverbread encourages great passions either way, especially from diners expecting ‘bread’ of some description to play a part. Much like oysters, laverbread offers an intense taste of the sea, and healthy-eating-types should note that it contains blood-purifying levels of iron.

8. Crempogs

Welsh cakes are all the rage during St. David’s Day celebrations, as are the slightly more obscure Welsh oatcakes, bara ceirch. However, at the risk of being controversial, I’m leaving them out in favour of these wonderful Welsh pancakes. Made with buttermilk and much thicker than normal pancakes, crempogs tend to be served hot, piled into a stack and drizzled with butter and honey in a manner as pleasing to the eye as it is infuriating to your dietician. Moreover, ‘crempog’ is one of the most purely enjoyable words to say out loud in any language.

9. Sewin and samphire

That seafood and shellfish provide much of Wales’s freshest ingredients shouldn’t come as a surprise given how much of the country is coastal. Seabass, grey mullet, John Dory and mackerel thrive off the Welsh coast, but the headline act has to be sewin, otherwise known as sea trout, which is only fished during a rigidly-enforced window in the summer. Often caught by coraclers – brave fishermen happy to float downriver on something the size and shape of an industrial-sized wok – sewin’s diet of shrimps and crustaceans give it a rosy pink colour and a taste that knocks farmed salmon into a cocked hat. Best enjoyed simply, sewin pairs up especially well with wild samphire, which grows in plentiful supply along the coast at Carmarthen Bay. Fill your plate with chunky fish fillets and fabulous shellfish with our top seafood recipes.

Try making your own… sea trout with samphire, potted shrimp & lemon

10. Salt marsh lamb

The often miserably rainy conditions that bedevil Wales in the winter are paid for in part by an expansive carpeting of lush green countryside that feeds some of the most prized livestock in the UK. Welsh black cattle has its admirers, but the Elvis Presley of Welsh meat is salt marsh lamb. Grazing on coastal areas that are often waterlogged by seawater (Anglesey in the north and the Gower in the south), salt marsh lamb dine out as much on samphire as they do grass, and their constant free-range roaming makes them much leaner than their slightly more fenced-in compatriots. The meat is luxuriously tender and has an unmistakable sweetness. Unlike a lot of lamb that gets rushed into action in order to be ready for the dinner table come Easter Sunday, salt marsh lamb is allowed to age for much longer, generally being available between July and October.

Read more about… salt marsh lamb

Cai Ross is the manager of Paysanne Bistro in Deganwy, North Wales. He’s also a passionate cinephile and writes for HeyUGuys, Film Inquiry and Cinema Retro Magazine. He has yet to fully embrace laverbread.

Do you agree with Cai’s choices? We’d love to hear about other classic Welsh dishes we’ve missed off. For more rundowns like this, visit our travel section.