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Heat the butter in a large pan or casserole dish over a medium heat. Working in batches, brown the beef on all sides for around 5 mins, then remove and set aside.

In the same pan, fry the onions, carrots and potatoes until golden and the onions are translucent. Stir in the flour and cook for 2 more mins, then add the Worcestershire sauce, tomato purée and stock and bring to a boil. Add the meat back in, then remove from the heat. Allow to cool slightly before transferring to a pie dish.

Heat the oven to 200C/180C fan/gas 6. Cover the pie dish with the pastry, sealing the edges with a fork. Decorate with pastry leaves or leave plain, then poke a hole in the middle to allow steam to escape and brush with egg wash. Bake on a tray for 30-40 mins until the pastry is golden brown.

Roll out the pastry on a lightly floured surface until it’s roughly 0.5cm thick, then cut out 12 circles using a 5cm round cutter. Cut the centres out of six circles using a 3cm round cutter and discard, so you’re left with six circles and six rings.

Heat the oven to 220C/200C fan/gas 7 and line a baking sheet with baking parchment. Arrange the six pastry circles on the sheet, leaving plenty of space between each one. Lightly brush with the egg, then top each circle with a pastry ring, making sure the edges line up, and press down lightly. Brush the tops with more egg, then prick the exposed centres with a fork to prevent them from rising too much. Bake for around 15 mins or until golden brown and cooked through.

Meanwhile, to make the filling, melt the butter in a large frying pan over a medium-high heat. Add the mushrooms and cook for around 5 mins until slightly caramelised, then mix in the garlic and cook for another min. Stir in the cream of mushroom soup and simmer for 2-3 mins, then add the parmesan and parsley and season with pepper (you’re unlikely to need salt, as it’s already in the soup).

Transfer the vol-au-vents to a serving platter and fill each one with some of the mushroom filling. Scatter over a little more parsley and serve.